subnet calculator and how to solve problem - computer network

There are two kinds to calculate
1. No subnet borrowing
Class A: 255 . 0    .  0   . 0   ==>network id=8bit, host id=24bit range from 0-127
Class B: 255 .255 .  0   . 0  ==>network id=16bit, host id=16bit range from 128-191
Class C: 255 .255 .  0   . 0 ==>network id=24bit, host id=8bit range from 192-223

Question: give ip adress, and asked to find subnet id, network address, broadcast address?

Ex: IP: 10.45.200.197
we can define this ip as in group A because 10 is in range 0-127
subnet id: 255 .  0  .  0  .  0
    &        10   . 45 . 200. 197
----------------------------------
               10 . 0. 0. 0 Network address
to find broadcast address, we set 32-8 = 24bit at last to 1s.
so we get   |0000 1010 | 1111 1111|1111 1111 |1111 1111 | = 10.255.255.255 broadcast address
2. Subnet borrowing  nework id | subnet id | host
ex: 10 . 16. 8 . 15 it's in class A
subnet borrow 10 bit ==>| 8 | 10 | 14 |
subnet id: |1111 1111 | 1111 1111 | 1100 0000 | 0000 0000|
   &         0000 1010 |0001 0000| 0000 1000 | 0000 1111|
----------------------------------------------------------------
                0000 1010|0001 0000| 0000 0000 | 0000 0000| = 10.16.0.0 Network address
to find broadcast address, we set 14 bit at last to 1s of IP
so we get  |0000 1010|0001 0000 |0011 1111|1111 1111| = 10.16.63.255 Broadcast address

Best tricks to earn money online for a newbie

This is my first article that i write in the purpose of helping newbies of internet marketing. I hate to write a long article, so i will give you clearly about how to do so. I hope you keep reading it till finish and give me your comments or ask me question. With these crucial parts i'm showing you as following
1. Keyword Research

Java script: Add button to call function: alert, confirm,

1. Alert function
<script type="text/javascript">
function show_time()
{
alert("current time: "+ Date());
}
</script>

<input type="button" onclick="show_time()" value="click to show current"/>

2. Confirm function

<script type="text/javascript">
function show_confirm()
{
 var r=confirm("do you want to continue to unsecure site?");
if(r==true)
    {
     alert("you enter this site.");
   }
    else
    {
    alert("you don't enter this site.");
    }
}
</script>
<input type="button" onclick="show_confirm()" value="go to this site"/>

Simple HTML style

Simple HTML code

<div style="text-align;">this is text</div> 

<span style="font-size: red; color: blue;background color: red;">This is text</span>

example

1. text align

<pre><div style="text-align: center;">This text is in middle</div>

This text is in middle

2. font-size and color

<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">this text is large and blue</span> 

this text is large and blue

- fill color

code: <span style="background color: yellow;">This color is filled in yellow</span> 

This color is filled in yellow

3.1 image without link

<img src="#"/>

result:

3.2 image with link 

code: <a href="#"><img src="#"/></a>

result:

 

3.3 image with size, text-align and link
code: <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="#"><img heigh="350" src="#" width="350"/></a></div>

penquin

1. Computer Network tutorial - Introduction to Operating System and Process management

each round of CPU can give rights to any specific process among all processes in the task manager. but if the times is short or not enough for CPU, All processes cannot be done.
Example: CPU has 2mn to run all process even the real times is 10mn to finish all process. So CPU doesn't care to finish all process but just do step by steps of given time(2mn). In this case, CPU may need to work 5 times in order to finish all processes. It means that cpu work 2mn for 5 times to complete all processes.
How CPU debug:
    CPU need to save the position where it is finished in each 2mn to make sure that it can continue the right position in another 2mn.

content switching

new process ->ready->running->terminate
new process ->ready->running->interrupt->ready->running->terminate
new process ->ready->running->waiting->ready->running->terminate
-copy new process to RAM
-ready to be run but not yet include to Queue
 -Schedule dispatch will choose the Ready process and Change status from Ready to Running
Note( waiting: process at first is ready and send to Running but has some problem before running, so put status into waiting and need to do anything to be ready. In this time, CPU doesn't wait such that process instead of call another Ready status to ->Running status. In this time, if the waiting process is ready, it will be called to run when current process is terminated.

Schedule dispatch: role to choose only 1 process in RAM which considered as the suitable one to send to CPU.
How it choose:
-Lattency
-Round robin ( divide equal time to each process and do it till timeout. This doesn't care whether CPU can finished each process or not. After finishing one round, CPU will come back to do the whole process in the limited time.
-FIFO: ( divide not equal time) CPU cares to finished one process and go to another process.

What is computer Network: is the communication of data between process in the same computer or different computer.

Study OS: the technique of communication of process but not to know clearly about how it communicate.
Study Network: explain the concept of the protocol of communication especially the work of protocol in internet network.
Here it is:
PC platform (source )  --------data pocket------->  Macinfosh platform (destination)
Peer to Peer communication:  is the communication between two layers in the same floor:

There are 7 layers of OSi


Benefits: 
-Reduce complexity
-Standardize interfces
-Facilitates modular engineering
-ensures interperable technology
-Accelerates evolution
-Simplifies teaching and learning
 

PHP programming - chapter 6: Function

function functionName(function_parameter){
      function body here
}


example:
string name="SAM";
function print_name(string name){
      print ("my name is $name.");
}
    to call this function just:
.print_name($name);
you will see a result as;
my name is SAM.

PHP programming - chapter 4: condition

Using Switch Statement

switch($_GET[action]//get input and save to action
{
    case "start":
         print ("select start");
         break;
    case "stop":
         print ("select stop");
         break;
    default:
         print ("NO choice");
         break;
}

create table with HTML code

Sample of HTML code to make table:

1. Some space

Name

Nick Name

Date of Birth
Faculty
Faculty

No spacing

Name
Nick Name
Date of Birth
Faculty
Major

3.

PHP programming - chapter 3

valid constant and variable that important:

Add caption

Variable
String:
<?
$var1="sam";
print "my name is $var1";
?>


Boolean:
$var1=true=1;
$var2=false=0='';

Special Variable:

some variable you can not use it as it has its own value:
$GLOBLAS
$_POST
$_GET
$_REQUEST
$_SERVER
$_COOKIE
$_FILES
$_ENV
$_SESSION

Variable Variable

Example:

<?
$var1=""john";
$var2="SAM";
print ("you choose $$_GET["variable"] to be your advisor");
?>

Note: two dollars sign: the input will print and ask you to input value for variable by using $_GET, and after get input to $_GET, it will be displayed to the print line.In this case, you have only two choice to replaced variable is var1 and var2. Otherwise, result will not get any variable to display.

how to call funtion in PHP

the script below is the easy one that show the info of php